Usuku Lomhlaba Lomiyane

Umhla zingama-20 kuNcwaba wuSuku Lomhlaba Lomiyane, usuku lokukhumbuza abantu ukuthi omiyane bangenye yezinto ezihamba phambili ekuthelelekeni kwezifo.

Ngo-August 20, 1897, isazi sezinto ezincane eziphilayo saseBrithani uRonald Ross (1857-1932) wathola endaweni yakhe yokucwaninga omiyane ukuthi omiyane yibona ababangela umalaleveva, futhi waveza indlela ephumelelayo yokugwema umalaleveva: gwema ukulunywa omiyane.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-World Mosquito Day igujwa ngo-August 20 minyaka yonke ukuze kuqwashiswe umphakathi ngomalaleveva nezinye izifo ezithwalwa omiyane.

Yiziphi izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyinhloko ezibangelwa ukulunywa omiyane?

01 Umalaleveva

Umalaleveva isifo esithwalwa yizinambuzane esibangelwa ukutheleleka kwezimuncagazi zikamalaleveva ngokulunywa omiyane i-Anopheles noma ngokumpontshelwa igazi lomuntu othwala umalaleveva.Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuyinhloko njengokuhlasela okuvamile ngezikhathi ezithile, umzimba wonke ugodola, imfiva, i-hyperhidrosis, ukuhlasela okuningi okuhlala isikhathi eside, kungabangela i-anemia nokwandiswa kobende.

Ukwanda kwesifo sikamalaleveva emhlabeni wonke kusalokhu kuphezulu, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 abantu emhlabeni wonke abahlala ezindaweni ezinomalaleveva.Umalaleveva useyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, njengoba abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-500 abahlala ezindaweni ezinomalaleveva, amaphesenti angama-90 kubo ezwenikazi, kanti bangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili abantu ababulawa yilesi sifo unyaka ngamunye.INingizimu-mpumalanga ne-Asia emaphakathi nazo ziyizindawo lapho umalaleveva udlange khona.Umalaleveva usadlangile eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.

Isingeniso sokuhlolwa okusheshayo kweMalariya:

Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Malaria Pf Antigen i-side-flow chromatography immunoassay esetshenziselwa ukuthola ngokwekhwalithi iphrotheni ethile ye-Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), i-histidine rich protein II (pHRP-II), kumasampula egazi lomuntu.Idivayisi ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa njengokuhlolwa kokuhlola futhi njengesengezo ekuhlonzeni ukutheleleka nge-plasmodium.Noma yiliphi isampula elisebenzayo elihlolwa ngokushesha kusetshenziswa i-Malaria Pf Antigen kufanele liqinisekiswe kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela zokuhlola kanye nokutholakele emitholampilo.

Imikhiqizo yokuhlola ngokushesha umalaleveva iyanconywa:

02 I-Filariasis

I-Filariasis yisifo se-parasitic esibangelwa i-filariasis parasitizing izicubu ze-lymphatic yomuntu, izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba noma i-serous cavity.Phakathi kwazo, i-Malay filariasis, i-Bancroft filariasis kanye ne-lymphatic filariasis ihlobene eduze nomiyane.Lesi sifo sisakazwa yizinambuzane ezimunca igazi.Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-filariasis ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo ye-filariasis.Isigaba sokuqala ngokuyinhloko i-lymphangitis ne-lymphadenitis, futhi isigaba sakamuva siwuchungechunge lwezimpawu nezimpawu ezibangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwe-lymphatic.Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekutholweni kwe-microfilaria egazini noma kwezicubu zesikhumba.Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological: ukutholwa kwamasosha omzimba we-filarial nama-antigens ku-serum.

Isingeniso sokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-filarial:

I-filarial Rapid diagnostic test iwukuhlola okusekelwe kumgomo we-immunochromatography ongaxilonga ukutheleleka nge-filarial phakathi nemizuzu eyi-10 ngokuthola amasosha omzimba athile noma ama-antigen kusampula yegazi.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-microfilaria microscopy yendabuko, ukutholwa ngokushesha kokuxilonga kwe-filaria kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ayinqunyelwe isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwegazi, futhi ingahlolwa noma nini, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqoqa amasampula egazi ebusuku.

2. Awudingi izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, mane uphonsa igazi ekhadini lokuhlola, futhi ubheke ukuthi ingabe likhona yini ibhande lombala lokwahlulela umphumela.

3. Ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwezinye izifo ze-parasitic, ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ze-filarial, futhi yahlulele izinga kanye nesigaba sokutheleleka.

4. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwenqwaba nokuqapha ukusabalala, kanye nokuhlola umphumela wokuvimbela ngamakhemikhali.

Imikhiqizo yokuhlola esheshayo ye-Filariasis iyanconywa:

03 Udenga

I-Dengue fever yisifo esiyingozi esithwala izinambuzane esibangelwa igciwane lodenga futhi sisakazwa ngokulunywa umiyane i-Aedes.Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo sivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, esifundeni saseWestern Pacific, emazweni aseMelika, empumalanga yeMedithera nase-Afrika.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomkhuhlane wodenga umkhuhlane ophakeme ongazelelwe, “ubuhlungu obuthathu” (ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu beso, ubuhlungu obuvamile emisipha namathambo), “isifo esibomvu esithathu” (ukuguquguquka kobuso, intamo nesifuba), nokuqubuka (ukuqubuka noma ukuqubuka ukopha emaphethelweni nasesiqwini noma ekhanda nasebusweni)."Igciwane lodenga negciwane elibangela i-COVID-19 lingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo kusenesikhathi," ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC).

Umkhuhlane wodenga uvela ehlobo nasekwindla, futhi uvame ukuvela ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba eNyakatho Nenkabazwe minyaka yonke, okuyinkathi yokuzalanisa omiyane i-Aedes.Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuye kwabeka amazwe amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo engcupheni yokusakazeka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwandiswa kwegciwane lodenga.

Isingeniso sokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Dengue:

I-Dengue IgG/IgM Rapid assay i-side-flow chromatography immunoassay esetshenziselwa ukuthola ngokufanelekile amasosha omzimba e-IgG/IgM ku-serum yomuntu, i-plasma, noma igazi lonke.

Izinto zokuhlola

1. Izinqubo zokuhlola nokuchazwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kufanele kulandelwe eduze lapho kuhlolwa izifundo ngazinye ukuze kutholakale amasosha omzimba egciwane lodenga ku-serum, iplasma noma igazi lonke.Ukwehluleka ukulandela le nqubo kungase kuveze imiphumela enganembile.

2. Ukutholwa ngokushesha kwenhlanganisela yodenga lwe-IgG/IgM kukhawulelwe ekutholweni kwekhwalithi yamasosha omzimba we-dengue virus ku-serum yomuntu, i-plasma noma igazi lonke.Kwakungekho ukuhlobana komugqa phakathi kwamandla ebhendi yokuhlola kanye ne-antibody titer kusifanekiso.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlanganisela yodenga olusheshayo lwe-IgG/IgM ngeke kusetshenziselwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokutheleleka okuyisisekelo nokwesibili.Ukuhlolwa akunikezeli ulwazi nge-dengue serotype.

4. I-Serologic cross-reactivity namanye ama-flaviviruses (isb, i-Japanese encephalitis, i-West Nile, i-yellow fever, njll.) kuvamile, ngakho-ke iziguli ezingenwe yilawa magciwane zingabonisa izinga elithile lokusebenza kabusha ngalokhu kuhlolwa.

5. Imiphumela engemihle noma engasebenzi esifundweni ngasinye ikhombisa awekho amasosha omzimba atholakalayo egciwane lodenga.Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlolwa engemihle noma engasenakwenzeka ayikhiphi amathuba okuchayeka noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane lodenga.

6. Uma inani lamasosha omzimba odenga elikhona kusifanekiso lingaphansi komugqa wokutholwa, noma uma kungekho amasosha omzimba atholakalayo akhona esigabeni sesifo lapho isifanekiso saqoqwa ngaso, umphumela ongemuhle noma ongasabeli ungase ube khona.Ngakho-ke, uma ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kuphakamisa ngokuqinile ukutheleleka noma ukuqubuka, ukuhlolwa kokulandelela noma okunye ukuhlola, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-antigen noma izindlela zokuhlola i-PCR, kuyanconywa.

7. Uma izimpawu ziphikelela, naphezu kwemiphumela engemihle noma engaphenduli evela ekuhlolweni okusheshayo kwe-IgG/IgM okuhlanganisiwe kodenga, kutuswa ukuba isiguli siphinde sitholwe kabusha ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma sihlolwe ngenye imishini yokuhlola.

8. Ezinye izifanekiso eziqukethe ama-titer aphezulu ngokungavamile ama-heterophile antibodies noma izici ze-rheumatoid zingathinta imiphumela elindelekile.

9. Imiphumela etholwe kulolu cwaningo ingachazwa kuphela ngokuhambisana nezinye izinqubo zokuxilonga kanye nokutholakele emitholampilo.

Kunconywe imikhiqizo yokuhlola ngokushesha udenga:

Ukusebenzisaukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-boat-bioingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxilonga kanye nokunemba, okulungele ukutholwa kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi kwabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane, ukuze kulawulwe futhi kuqedwe lezi zifo eziyingozi ze-parasitic.

imikhiqizo yokuhlola okusheshayo ye-boat-bio yenza ukuthi lesi sifo sisheshe sibonakale.