Igciwane lemonkeypox liwukutheleleka ngegciwane elibangelwa igciwane lemonkeypox (MPXV).Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokuthinta impahla ethelelekile kanye nokudluliselwa kokuphefumula.Igciwane lemonkeypox lingabangela ukutheleleka kubantu, okuyisifo esingavamile esitholakala kakhulu e-Afrika.Nali ulwazi olwengeziwe ngegciwane lemonkeypox.
Ukusabalala kwemonkeypox emazweni ahlukahlukene:
Ihhovisi Lesifunda Elihlanganyelwe le-ECDC-WHO le-Europe Mpox Surveillance Bulletin (europa.eu)
Isifinyezo sokugada
Isamba sezimo ezingu-25,935 ze-mpox (ngaphambilini ebiqanjwe ngokuthi inkawu) zihlonzwe ngezinqubo ze-IHR, imithombo esemthethweni yomphakathi kanye ne-TESSy kuze kube umhla zi-06 Julayi 2023, 14:00, emazweni nasezindaweni ezingu-45 kuso sonke iSifunda SaseYurophu.Emasontweni angu-4 adlule, amacala angu-30 e-mpox ahlonziwe emazweni angu-8 nasezindaweni.
Idatha esekelwe kumacala ibikwe kumacala angu-25,824 kusukela emazweni nasezindaweni ezingu-41 kuya ku-ECDC kanye neHhovisi Lesifunda Le-WHO lase-Europe ngokusebenzisa i-European Surveillance System (TESSy), kuze kube ngumhla zi-6 kuJulayi 2023, 10:00.
Emacaleni angama-25,824 abikwe ku-TESSy, angama-25,646 aqinisekisiwe elabhorethri.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukulandelana kwakutholakala khona, ama-489 aqinisekiswa ukuthi angawe-Clade II, eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-West Africa clade.Icala elaziwayo lakudala linedethi yesifanekiso yangomhla zi-7 kuNdasa wezi-2022 futhi likhonjwe ngokuhlolwa okubukelwe emuva kwesampula eliyinsalela.Idethi yokuqala yokuqala kwezimpawu ibikwe njenge-17 Ephreli 2022.
Iningi lamacala lalineminyaka ephakathi kuka-31 no-40 ubudala (10,167/25,794 – 39%) nabesilisa (25,327/25,761 – 98%).Emacaleni angu-11,317 besilisa aziwa ngezocansi, ama-96% azibiza ngamadoda aya ocansini namadoda.Phakathi kwezigameko ezaziwayo ngesimo se-HIV, ama-38% (4,064/10,675) ayene-HIV.Iningi lamacala ethulwa nokuqubuka (15,358/16,087 – 96%) kanye nezimpawu zesistimu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukugodola, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu (10,921/16,087 – 68%).Kunamacala angama-789 alaliswa esibhedlela (6%), kuwo angama-275 adinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.Amacala ayisishiyagalombili angeniswe e-ICU, kwabikwa ukuthi ashona ayisikhombisa e-mpox.
Kuze kube manje, i-WHO kanye ne-ECDC bazisiwe ngamacala amahlanu okuchayeka emsebenzini.Ezimweni ezine zokuchayeka emsebenzini, abasebenzi bezempilo bebegqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezinconyiwe kodwa bachayeka oketshezini lomzimba ngesikhathi beqoqa amasampula.Icala lesihlanu belingagqokile izinto zokuzivikela.Isiqondiso sesikhashana se-WHO sokuphathwa komtholampilo kanye nokuvimbela ukutheleleka nokulawula kwe-mpox sihlala sisebenza futhi sitholakala kokuthi https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/355798.
Isifinyezo senani lamacala e-mpox ahlonzwe ngezindlela ze-IHR nemithombo esemthethweni yomphakathi futhi abikwe ku-TESy, European Region, 2022–2023
Amazwe nezindawo ezibika amacala amasha emasontweni angu-4 edlule e-ISO zigqanyiswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isifinyezo sokuqondiswa kocansi okubikiwe phakathi kwamacala wesilisa we-mpox, Isifunda SaseYurophu, TESSy, 2022-2023
Ukuma kwezocansi ku-TESSy kuchazwa ngokwezigaba ezilandelayo ezingahlanganisi ngokukhethekileyo:
- Ubulili obuhlukile
- I-MSM = i-MSM/i-homo noma owesilisa othanda ubulili obubili
- Abesifazane abalala nabesifazane
- Abesilisa nabesifazane
- Okunye
- Akwaziwa noma akunqunyiwe
Ukuma ngocansi akumeleli ngempela ubulili bomuntu icala aye naye ocansini ezinsukwini ezingama-21 ezedlule futhi akusho ukuthintana ngokocansi nokusulelana ngokocansi.
Sifingqa lapha umumo wocansi amacala amadoda ahlonzwe nawo.
Ukudluliswa
Ukudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu kwe-mpox kungenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo nesikhumba esithathelwanayo noma ezinye izilonda ezinjengomlomo noma ezithweni zangasese;lokhu kubandakanya ukuthintana okuyikhona
- ubuso nobuso (ukukhuluma noma ukuphefumula)
- isikhumba ngesikhumba (ukuthinta noma ucansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane/endunu)
- umlomo nomlomo (ukuqabula)
- ukuthintana ngomlomo nesikhumba (ucansi lomlomo noma ukuqabula isikhumba)
- amaconsi okuphefumula noma ama-aerosols ebangeni elifushane kusuka ekuxhumaneni okude isikhathi eside
Igciwane libe selingena emzimbeni ngesikhumba esiphukile, amafinyila (isb. ngomlomo, pharyngeal, ocular, genital, anorectal), noma ngomgudu wokuphefumula.I-Mpox ingasakazekela kwamanye amalungu omndeni nakubalingani bobulili.Abantu abanabalingani abaningi bocansi basengozini enkulu.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-mpox esilwaneni kuya kumuntu kwenzeka ezilwaneni ezinaleli gciwane kuya kubantu ngokulunywa noma ukuklwejwa, noma ngesikhathi semisebenzi efana nokuzingela, ukuhlinza, ukucupha, ukupheka, ukudlala ngezidumbu noma ukudla izilwane.Izinga lokusabalala kwegciwane ezilwaneni akwaziwa ngokuphelele futhi kuyaqhubeka izifundo.
Abantu bangathola i-mpox ezintweni ezingcolile njengezingubo noma amalineni, ngokulimala okubukhali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, noma endaweni yomphakathi efana nezindawo zama-tattoo.
Izimpawu nezimpawu
I-Mpox idala izimpawu nezimpawu ezivame ukuqala phakathi nesonto kodwa zingaqala ezinsukwini ezi-1-21 ngemva kokuchayeka.Izimpawu ngokuvamile zihlala amasonto angu-2-4 kodwa zingahlala isikhathi eside kumuntu onamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-mpox yilezi:
- ukuqubuka
- imfiva
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- ikhanda elibuhlungu
- ubuhlungu bemisipha
- ukuhlungu obusemhlane
- amandla aphansi
- ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes.
Kwabanye abantu, uphawu lokuqala lwe-mpox ukuqubuka, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlukile kuqala.
Ukuqubuka kuqala njengesilonda esiyisicaba esiba yibhamuza eligcwele uketshezi futhi singaluma noma sibe buhlungu.Njengoba ukuqubuka kuphola, izilonda zoma, zigoqe futhi ziwe.
Abanye abantu bangase babe nesilonda esikhumbeni esisodwa noma ezimbalwa kanti abanye babe namakhulu noma ngaphezulu.Lezi zingavela noma yikuphi emzimbeni njengokuthi:
- izintende zezandla namathe ezinyawo
- ubuso, umlomo nomphimbo
- igroin nezitho zangasese
- indunu.
Abanye abantu futhi banokuvuvukala okubuhlungu kwe-rectum noma ubuhlungu kanye nobunzima lapho bechama.
Abantu abane-mpox bayathelelana futhi bangadlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye kuze kube yilapho zonke izilonda sezipholile futhi ungqimba olusha lwesikhumba lwakheka.
Izingane, abantu abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini yezinkinga ezivela ku-mpox.
Ngokujwayelekile i-mpox, imfiva, ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu kuvela kuqala.I-mpox rash iqala ebusweni futhi isakazeka emzimbeni, idlulele ezintendeni zezandla nasematheni ezinyawo futhi iguquke ngaphezu kwamasonto angu-2-4 ngezigaba - ama-macules, papules, vesicles, pustules.Izilonda zicwilisa phakathi nendawo ngaphambi kokuqweqwedisa.Utwayi bese luyawa.I-Lymphadenopathy (ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes) iyisici sakudala se-mpox.Abanye abantu bangatheleleka ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu.
Esimeni sokuqubuka kwe-mpox emhlabeni wonke okwaqala ngo-2022 (okubangelwa kakhulu igciwane i-Clade IIb), ukugula kuqala ngendlela ehlukile kwabanye abantu.Ezimweni ezingaphezu kwesigamu nje, ukuqubuka kungase kuvele ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinye izimpawu futhi akuqhubeki njalo emzimbeni.Isilonda sokuqala singaba se-groin, ididi, noma emlonyeni noma eduze nomlomo.
Abantu abane-mpox bangagula kakhulu.Isibonelo, isikhumba singangenwa amagciwane aholela kumathumba noma ukulimala okukhulu kwesikhumba.Ezinye izinkinga zihlanganisa inyumoniya, ukutheleleka nge-cornea nokulahlekelwa ukubona;ubuhlungu noma ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo okubangela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi noma ukungondleki kahle;i-sepsis (ukutheleleka kwegazi ngempendulo yokuvuvukala okusakazekile emzimbeni), ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-encephalitis), inhliziyo (i-myocarditis), i-rectum (i-proctitis), izitho zangasese (i-balanitis) noma imigudu yomchamo (urethritis), noma ukufa.Abantu abacindezelekile amasosha omzimba ngenxa yemithi noma izimo zezokwelapha basengozini enkulu yokugula okubi kakhulu nokufa ngenxa ye-mpox.Abantu abaphila ne-HIV abangalawuleki kahle noma bengelashwa bavame ukuba nesifo esibi kakhulu.
Izifo Ezithathelwanayo
I-Monkey Pox Virus
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuhlonza i-mpox kungaba nzima njengoba ezinye izifo nezimo zingabukeka zifana.Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-mpox ne-chickenpox, isimungumungwane, izifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa amagciwane, utwayi, i-herpes, ugcunsula, ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kanye nokungezwani komzimba okuhambisana nemithi.
Umuntu one-mpox angase abe nesinye isifo esithathelwana ngocansi njenge-herpes.Kungenjalo, ingane ene-mpox okusolwa ukuthi nayo ingase ibe ne-chickenpox.Ngalezi zizathu, ukuhlola kubalulekile ukuze abantu bathole ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi futhi bavimbele ukusakazeka okwengeziwe.
Ukutholwa kwe-viral DNA nge-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okuthandwayo kwe-mpox.Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuxilonga zithathwa ngokuqondile ekuqubukeni - esikhumbeni, uketshezi noma ama-crusts - aqoqwe ngokuswayipha okunamandla.Uma kungekho izilonda zesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ku-oropharyngeal, i-anal noma i-rectal swabs.Ukuhlola igazi akunconywa.Izindlela zokuthola amasosha omzimba zingase zingabi wusizo njengoba zingahlukanisi phakathi kwama-orthopoxvirus ahlukene.
I-Monkeypox Virus Antigen Rapid Test Kit yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukutholwa kwe-in vitro i-antigen ye-monkeypox virus kumasampuli okukhishwa kwe-pharyngeal yomuntu futhi ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe kuphela.Le khithi yokuhlola isebenzisa umgomo we-colloidal gold immunochromatography, lapho indawo etholwayo yolwelwesi lwe-nitrocellulose (umugqa we-T) imbozwe ngegundane elilwa nemonkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 2 (MPV-Ab2), kanye nesifunda sokulawula ikhwalithi (C-line) imbozwe nge-anti-mouse IgG polyclonal antibody kanye negolide eliyi-colloidal elibhalwe ukuthi igundane elithi anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 (MPV-Ab1) ephedini elinelebula legolide.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, lapho kutholwa isampula, i-Monkeypox Virus Antigen (MPV-Ag) kusampula ihlangana ne-colloidal gold (Au)-ebhalwe uphawu lwegundane elilwa negciwane le-monkeypox monoclonal antibody 1 ukwenza i-(Au-Mouse anti-monkeypox virus i-monoclonal antibody 1-[MPV-Ag]) i-immune complex, egeleza phambili kulwelwesi lwe-nitrocellulose.Ibe-ke ihlanganisa negundane eliboshwe i-anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 2 ukwenza i-agglutination “(Au MPV-Ab1-[MPV-Ag]-MPV-Ab2)” endaweni yokuthola (T-line) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
I-colloidal esele ebhalwe ngegolide ye-Mouse anti-monkeypox virus i-monoclonal antibody 1 ihlanganisa ne-anti-mouse I-IgG polyclonal antibody ehlanganiswe emugqeni wokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze yakhe ukuhlangana futhi ithuthukise umbala.Uma isampula lingenayo i-Monkeypox Virus antigen, indawo ehlonzayo ayikwazi ukwakha i-immune complex, futhi indawo yokulawula ikhwalithi kuphela ezokwakha i-immune complex futhi ithuthukise umbala.Le khithi yokuhlola ihlanganisa imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ochwepheshe bangalawula ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ukuhlolwa ezigulini phakathi nesikhathi esiyimizuzu eyi-15.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2023